101.Transformer working

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another by
electromagnetic induction (mutual induction). It is most often used to step up
or step down voltage

TRANSFORMER COMPONENTS

The principle parts of a transformer and their functions are --
• The core, which provides a path for the magnetic lines of flux.
• The primary winding, which receives power from the AC power source.
• The secondary winding, which receives power from the primary winding and
delivers it to the load.
• The enclosure, which protects the above components from dirt, moisture, and
mechanical damage.

The transformer circuit in shows basic transformer action. The primary winding is connected to a 60 hertz AC source. The magnetic field (flux) expands and collapses about the primary winding. The expanding and contracting magnetic field around the primary winding cuts the secondary winding and induces an EMF into the winding. 

When a circuit is completed between the secondary winding and a load, this voltage causes current to flow. The voltage may be stepped up or down depending on the number of turns of conductor in the primary and secondary windings.